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    Dear colleagues,<br>
    <br>
    We are proundly announcing the appearance of the JCSCW Especial
    Issue on Knowledge Management in Action: <a
      class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
      href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/0925-9724/21/2-3/">http://www.springerlink.com/content/0925-9724/21/2-3/</a><br>
    <br>
    Following a two years editorial process, we believe that this
    special issue brings together some remarkable pieces of work, for a
    conceptual, empirical as well as from design-orineted perspective.<br>
    <br>
    Yours sincerely,<br>
    <br>
    Carla Simone, Mark Ackerman, and Volker Wulf<br>
    -------------------------------------------<br>
    <br>
    Editorial:<br>
    Knowledge Management in Practice: A Special Issue<br>
    Carla Simone, Mark Ackerman and Volker Wulf<br>
    <br>
    Papers:<br>
    Doing Business with Theory: Communities of Practice in Knowledge
    Management<br>
    Norman Makoto Su, Hiroko N. Wilensky and David F. Redmiles<br>
    <br>
    The Trouble with ‘Tacit Knowledge’<br>
    Kjeld Schmidt<br>
    <br>
    Affording Mechanisms: An Integrated View of Coordination and
    Knowledge Management<br>
    Federico Cabitza and Carla Simone<br>
    <br>
    Bridging Artifacts and Actors: Expertise Sharing in Organizational
    Ecosystems<br>
    Volkmar Pipek, Volker Wulf and Aditya Johri<br>
    <br>
    Beyond Expertise Seeking: A Field Study of the Informal Knowledge
    Practices of Healthcare IT Teams<br>
    Patricia Ruma Spence and Madhu Reddy<br>
    <br>
    Exploring Appropriation of Enterprise Wikis: A Multiple-Case Study<br>
    Alexander Stocker, Alexander Richter, Patrick Hoefler and Klaus
    Tochtermann<br>
    <br>
    ---------------------------------------------------<br>
    Editorial: <span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">Knowledge Management in Practice: A Special Issue<o:p></o:p></span><span
      style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT"><br>
      Organizations of different kinds, from structured companies up to
      social</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





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      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">networks or virtual communities, are becoming
      increasingly aware of the</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">need to collect, organize, mobilize, and increase the
      expertise and</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">knowledge which characterize their ability to stay
      alive, adapt and</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">evolve in a turbulent context. Knowledge Management (KM)
      is the current</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">term for the different organizational and technological
      approaches to</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">answer this need. KM, from a management perspective, is
      an attempt to</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">rationalize and manage the vast amounts of formal and
      informal knowledge</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">that any organization, especially large companies, has. 
      KM, from a</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">practice perspective, investigates the everyday
      practices that lead to</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">organizationally-situated use of that formal and
      informal knowledge (Ackerman et al. 2008). While the KM discourse
      has long been focusing on opportunities to externalize and
      represent knowledge in artefacts, the identification of
      knowledgable actors and the support of social networks as well as
      their interactions with artefact becomes highly relevant in a
      practice perspective (Ackerman et al. 2003).</span><span
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      lang="IT"></span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      <br>
      CSCW has examined knowledge and information in organizations from
      its</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
      Grande";mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">very beginnings. In more recent years, the CSCW
      community has examined</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">KM per se.  This manifested itself in asking for applied
      research in</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">the KM practices of real organizations instead of
      blindly following</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">media hype - the critical realism stance that<span
        style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Robert Kling advocated over
      the</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;
      mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
      Grande";mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT">technological





      utopianism of the media and technology <a
        style="mso-comment-reference:VW_1;mso-comment-date:20120302T0057">promoters</a></span><span
      class="MsoCommentReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt"
        lang="IT">. <span style="mso-special-character:comment"></span></span></span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">As well,</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">the KM investigation in CSCW has followed CSCW's notable
      interest in</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">discussing and detailing the interrelationships between
      technological</span><span
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      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">and organizational innovations, and CSCW as a community
      has taken on the</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">task of considering those interrelationships
      critically.  This views KM</span><span
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      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">largely as a matter of socio-technical design - and a
      difficult design</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">at that.</span><span
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      lang="IT"></span><span
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      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      <br>
      Therefore, this special issues follows these positions.  Our aim
      was to</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;
      mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT">collect





      papers reporting on knowledge management in action.  We wanted</span><span
      style="font-size:
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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      further the discussion of what issues KM had through the kinds of</span><span
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT">fine-grained





      ethnographically-based investigations found in this</span><span
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT">community





      and this journal. Specifically, we wanted</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">ethnographically-based or other interpretivist work that
      confronted and</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">learned from real organizational situations.  We wanted
      these papers to</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">highlight the problems, requirements, tradeoffs, and
      technical solutions</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">in KM that can be derived only from field-based
      research.</span><span style="font-size:
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      lang="IT"></span><span
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      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      <br>
      In this volume, we are fortunate to have six papers that discuss
      KM issues in the depth and detail that CSCW requires.<span
        style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Two of them deal with two
      very popular concepts in KM:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>community





      of practice and tacit knowledge;<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>they





      discuss the origins of these concepts and their influence on the
      KM field from the business and research standpoints.<span
        style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Two papers take an
      empirically grounded design perspective. The first paper discusses
      the implication of the separation between technologies that
      support information and the ordered flow of work and technologies
      that support knowledge management. The second paper proposes
      analytical and methodological frameworks to guide the design of
      technologies for expertise management, which are based on the
      notion of ecosystem to focus on the interaction between two
      mutually intertwined elements—artifacts and actors.<o:p></o:p></span><span
      style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT"><br>
      <br>
      The last two papers report on field studies in three organizations
      and in three IT teams of a regional hospital. The latter suggests
      that not only knowledge seeking should be supported but also the
      cooperation among the knowledge seekers in order to take into
      account how KM is affected by subtle features of the organization.<span
        style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>The former paper discusses
      the usage of WIKI technologies from both the management and the
      end users point of view by comparing the results of the
      investigation in the three different organizations.</span><span
      lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT"><br>
      <br>
      We have shown, through this special issue and our own work, that</span><span
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      Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande""
      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">information processes in general and knowledge
      management in</span><span style="font-size:
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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      can be understood best through field-based investigations.</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT">Our





      aim is to detail how the technical and the social intertwine.  We</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT">believe





      the way forward includes many more field-based and design-oriented
      studies so as</span><span
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      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">to understand:</span><span
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      lang="IT"></span><span
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      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      <br>
      - the specialized needs of important categories of organizations
      and</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">institutions, such as in educational, medical, or safty
      domains,</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





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      lang="IT"></span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      - the impact of culture on knowledge-intense activities, including
      the strategies for knowledge</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





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      lang="IT"> </span><span style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">management,</span><span
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      lang="IT"></span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      - how organizations use informal mechanisms of knowledge
      production,</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">adaptation, and reuse and how these practices could be
      technically supported,</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida





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      lang="IT"></span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      - persistent issues in technology use for knowledge</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"> </span>management, such as categorization and
    ontologies,<span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT"><br>
      - fitting design concepts and architectures and how they are
      appropriated in specific social contexts,</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;
      mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"></span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
      font-family:"Times","serif"" lang="IT"><br>
      - the organizational processes that lead to transformative uses of</span><span
      style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
      12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"> </span><span
style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
      lang="IT">knowledge management technologies and processes,</span><span
      style="font-size:
      13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Lucida
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      lang="IT"></span><span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family:
      "Times","serif";" lang="IT"><br>
      - the rhythms of knowledge production and use in organizations.<o:p></o:p><br>
    </span>
    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:16.0pt"><span
        style="font-size:
13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif""
        lang="IT">References<o:p></o:p></span><span
        style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB" lang="EN-GB"><br>
        Ackerman, M.; Pipek, V.; Wulf, V. (eds): Sharing Expertise:
        Beyond Knowledge Management, MIT-Press, Cambridge, MA 2003<o:p></o:p><br>
        Ackerman, M; Dieng-Kuntz, R.; Simone, C.; Wulf, V. (eds):
        Proceedings of the Conference on Knowledge Management in Action
        (KMIA 2008), IFIP-Series 270, Springer, Boston 2000</span></p>
    <br>
    <br>
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